My teaching and research experience has focused on organic chemistry with applications in materials, biological, inorganic, and physical chemistry.

My current and past research projects have been part of programs that address materials science, energy, national and global security, and the needs of the Departments of Energy, Defense, Homeland Security, and the Intelligence Community, including those listed below.

If interested in joining the Del Sesto research group, please send an email with a brief overview of your background, and scientific and career interests.
*To align with the efforts of national organizations such as the NSF and NIH, students in the following underrepresented groups are especially encouraged to engage in research in science and engineering – Women, Minorities, Persons with Disabilities , and those from low Socioeconomic Status or Disadvantaged Backgrounds. 

(Coming soon… News and Highlights, Current Group Members, Group Alumni) 

• “Antibiofilm deep eutectic solvent formulations.” Application US 16/307,347. June 1, 2017.
  Andrew T. Koppisch, Gerrick E. Lindberg, David T. Fox, Joseph Baker, Alexanndra Heyert, Joshua R. Greene, Rico E. Del Sesto.
  US Patent issue number 11,213,497 issued 01/04/2022

• “Ionic liquids that sterilize and prevent biofilm formation in skin wound healing devices.” Application US 62/404,369, October 5, 2016.
  Robert Keller, Nathan Nieto, Andrew Koppisch, Rico Del Sesto.
  US Patent issue number 10,293,080 issued 05/21/201

• “Ionic Liquids for Transdermal Drug Delivery.” Patent Application 61/899,294, November 3, 2014.
  Samir Mitragotri, Michael Zakrewsky, Rico E. Del Sesto, David T. Fox, Andrew T. Koppisch, Katherine S. Lovejoy.
  US Patent issue number 10,449,254 issued 10/22/2019
  European Union issue number 3062819 issued 11/25/2021
  International patent pending PCT/US2014/063745

• “Phosponium Based Ionic Liquids and Uses.”
  Rico E. Del Sesto, Katherine S. Lovejoy, Andrew T. Koppisch, Geraldine M. Purdy.
  US Patent issue number 8,920,673 issued 2014

• “Nanophosphors for Large Area Radiation Detectors.”
  Kevin C. Ott, T. Mark McCleskey, Rico E. Del Sesto, Anthony K. Burrell, John C. Gordon.
  US Patent issue number 7,651,633 issued 2010

• “Nanophosphor composite scintillator with a liquid matrix.”
  Edward A. McKigney, Anthony K. Burrell, David W. Cooke, Kevin C. Ott, Minesh K. Bacrania, Rico E. Del Sesto, Robert D. Gilbertson, Ross E. Muenchausen, Thomas M. McCleskey.
  US Patent issue number 7,679,060 issued 2010

• “Nanocomposite Scintillator, Detector, and Method.”
  D. Wayne Cooke, Edward A. McKigney, Ross E. Muenchausen, Bryan L. Bennett, Rico E. Del Sesto, T. Mark McCleskey, Kevin C. Ott, Anthony K. Burrell.
  US Patent issue number 7,547,888 issued 2009

Google Scholar Profile                                                                                      [ > 3700 citations as of December 2022]
ORCID ID – 0000-0003-2992-1463                                                                  [ h-index = 25 as of December 2022]

Utah Tech University

• 52) Ling Li, Rachel L. Shapiro, Min Kyung Joo, Aditya Josyula, Henry T Hsueh, Olaya Brewer Gutierrez, Gilad Halpert, Venkata Akshintala, Haiming Chen, Samuel Curtis, Marina Better, Charlotte Davison, Haijie Hu, Almario Jose Antonio Navarro, Steven N. Steinway, Kelton Hunt**, Rico E. Del Sesto, Jessica Izzi, Kevan J. Salimian, Laura M. Ensign, Florin M. Selaru. “Injectable, drug-eluting nanocrystals prevent fibrosis and stricture formation in vivo.” Journal of Gastroenterology, 2023, 937-952. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2023.01.006
• 51) Bardsley, Tatum; Evans, Charlotte; Greene, Joshua; Audet, Robert; Harrison, Mackenzie; Zimmerman, Maxwell; Nieto, Nathan; Del Sesto, Rico; Koppisch, Andrew; Kellar, Robert. “Integration of choline geranate into electrospun protein scaffolds affords antimicrobial activity to biomaterials used for cutaneous wound healing.” Journal of Biomedical Materials Research: Part B – Applied Biomaterials, 2021, 1-12. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jbm.b.34788
• 50) Greene, Joshua; Merrett, Kahla; Heyert, Alexanndra; Simmons, Lucas; Migliori, Camille**; Vogt, Kristen; Castro, Rebeca; Phillips, Paul; Baker, Joseph; Lindberg, Gerrick; Fox, David; Del Sesto, Rico; Koppisch, Andrew. “Investigations into the Scope, Efficacy and Antimicrobial Mechanism of the Broad-Spectrum Antiseptic Choline Geranate.” PLoS ONE, 2019, 14(9): e0222211. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0222211
• 49) Todd C. Monson, Jean L. Leger,§ Tyler E. Stevens, Katherine S. Lovejoy,‡ Jamie L. Manson, Aimee L. Newsham**, Rico E. Del Sesto. “Unprecedented magnetic behavior in lanthanide based ionic liquids.” Chem. Commun., 2017, 53, 11682–11685.
• 48) Rico E. Del Sesto, Andrew T. Koppisch, David T. Fox, Mattie R. Jones**, Katherine S. Lovejoy,‡ Tyler E. Stevens, Todd C. Monson. “Biphasic Extraction, Recovery and Identification of Organic and Inorganic Compounds with Room Temperature Ionic Liquids.” In Ionic Liquids: Current State and Future Directions, Eds. Mark Shiflett, Aaron Scurto. ACS Symposium Series 1250, 2017, 283-302. (Invited Contribution)
• 47) Michael Zakrewsky, Amrita Banerjee, Sanjana Apte, Theresa L. Kern, Mattie R. Jones**, Rico Del Sesto, Andrew T. Koppisch, David T. Fox, and Samir Mitragotri. “Choline and Geranate deep eutectic solvent as a Broad-spectrum Antiseptic Agent for Preventive and Therapeutic Applications.” Advanced Heaslthcare Materials, 2016, 5, 1282–1289.
• 46) Michael Zakrewsky, Katherine S. Lovejoy, Theresa L. Kern, Vivian Le, Amber Nagy, Andrew Goumas, Rashi Iyer, Tarryn E. Miller, Rico E. Del Sesto, Andrew T. Koppisch, David T. Fox, Samir Mitragotri. “Ionic Liquids as a New Class of Materials for Pathogen Neutralization in Skin-resident Biofilms.” Proc. National Acad. Sci., 2014, 111, 13313–13318.
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1403995111
  Highlighted in Nature, 25 August 2014. doi:10.1038/nature.2014.15763
  Highlighted in Scientific American, 26 August 2014
  Highlighted in PhysOrg, 26 August 2014
  Highlighted in MedicalXpress, 26 August 2014
  Highlighted in NanoWerk News, 27 August 2014
  Highlighted in ChemistryWorld, 27 August 2014
  Highlighted in Medical News Today, 29 August 2014. Article number 281605

Los Alamos National Laboratory (as team leader/collaborator):

• 45) Tessui Nakagawa, Anthony K. Burrell, Rico E. Del Sesto, Michael T. Janicke, Adam L. Nekimken, Geraldine M. Pursdy, Biswajit Paik, Rui-Qin Zhong, Troy A. Semelsberger, Benjamin L. Davis. “Physical and structural properties of ammonia borane and its dehydrogenation in ionic liquids.” RSC Advances, 2014, 4, 21681–21687.
• 44) Katherine S. Lovejoy,‡ Lauren Davis,** Lisa McClellan,§ Antonietta M. Lillo, John D. Welsh,§ Emily N. Schmidt, Claire K. Sanders, Alexander Lou,** David T. Fox, Andrew T. Koppisch, Rico E. Del Sesto. “Evaluation of ionic liquids on phototrophic microbes and their potential for use in biofuel applications.” J. Applied Phycology, 2013, 973-981. DOI 10.1007/s10811-012-9907-0
• 43) Katherine S. Lovejoy,‡ Geraldine M. Purdy, Srinivas Iyer, Tim C. Sanchez, Al Robertson, Andrew T. Koppisch, Rico E. Del Sesto. “Tetraakylphosphonium-based ionic liquids used as MALDI matrices and dye extractants.” Journal of Intelligence Community Research and Development, 15 January 2013.
• 42) Katherine Lovejoy,‡ Alexander Lou,** Lauren Davis,** Timothy Sanchez, Srinivas Iyer, Cynthia A. Corley, John S. Wilkes, Russell K. Feller, David Fox, Andrew Koppisch, Rico E. Del Sesto. “Single-pot extraction-analysis of wool dyes with ionic liquids.” Journal of Intelligence Community Research and Development, 15 January 2013.
• 41) Katherine S. Lovejoy,‡ Cynthia A. Corley, Emily K. Cope, Michael C. Valentine, Jeff G. Leid, Geraldine M. Purdy, John S. Wilkes, Andrew T. Koppisch, Rico E. Del Sesto. “Utilization of metal-halide species ambiguity to develop amorphous, stabilized pharmaceutical agents as ionic liquids.” Crystal Growth & Design, 2012, 12, 5357–5364. dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg300969u
• 40) Katherine Lovejoy,‡ Alexander Lou,** Lauren Davis,** Timothy Sanchez, Srinivas Iyer, Cynthia A. Corley, John S. Wilkes, Russell K. Feller, David Fox, Andrew Koppisch, Rico E. Del Sesto. “Single-pot extraction-analysis of wool dyes with ionic liquids.” Analytical Chem., 2012, 84, 9169–9175.  dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac301873s [25 citations]
• 39) Denisse Ortiz-Acosta,‡ Russell K. Feller,‡ Brian L. Scott, Rico E. Del Sesto. “Isolation of an Asymmetric Lanthanide Polyoxometalate, Na12H[(W5O18)Tb(H2W11O39)]·42H2O, Containing Two Distinct Isopolyanions.” Journal of Chemical Crystallography, 2012, 42, 651-655.
• 38) Rui-Qin Zhong,‡ Ru-Qiang Zou, Tessui Nakagawa,‡ Michael Janicke, Troy A. Semelsberger, Benjamin L. Davis, Anthony K. Burrell, Rico E. Del Sesto. “Improved hydrogen release from ammonia borane with ZIF-8.” Inorg. Chem., 2012, 2728-2730.
• 37) Jamie L. Manson, Adora G. Baldwin, Brian L. Scott, Jesper Bendix, Rico E. Del Sesto, Paul A. Goddard, Yoshimitsu Kohama, Hope E. Tran, Saman Ghannadzadeh, John Singleton, Tom Lancaster, Johannes S. Möller, Stephen J. Blundell, Francis L. Pratt, Vivien S. Zapf, Jinhee Kang, Changhoon Lee, Myung-Hwan Whangbo, Chris Baines. “[Ni(HF2)(3-Clpy)4]BF4 (py = pyridine): Evidence for Spin Exchange Along Strongly Distorted F∙∙∙H∙∙∙F- Bridges in a 1D Polymeric Chain.” Inorg. Chem., 2012, 51, 7520–7528.
• 36) Jamie L. Manson, Kimberly E. Carreiro, Saul H. Lapidus, Peter W. Stephens, Paul A. Goddard, Jesper Bendix, Rico E. Del Sesto, John Singleton, Johannes Moeller, Tom Lancaster, Peter J. Baker, Francis L. Pratt, Stephen J. Blundell, Jinhee Kang, Changhoon Leeh, Myung-Hwan Whangboh. “Influence of HF2- geometry on magnetic interactions elucidated from polymorphs of the metal-organic framework [Ni(HF2)(pyz)2]PF6 (pyz = pyrazine).” Dalton Trans., 2012, 41, 7235-7243.
• 35) Katherine S. Lovejoy,‡ Geraldine M. Purdy, Srinivas Iyer, Tim C. Sanchez, Al Robertson, Andrew T. Koppisch, Rico E. Del Sesto. “Tetraakylphosphonium-based ionic liquids used as MALDI matrices and dye extractants.”Analytical Chemistry, 2011, 83, 2921-2930.  dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac102944w
• 34) Russell K. Feller,‡ Geraldine M. Purdy, Denisse Ortiz-Acosta,‡ Sy Stange,§ Andy Li,§ Edward A. McKigney, Ernst I. Esch, Ross E. Muenchausen, Robert Gilbertson, Minesh Bacrania, Bryan L. Bennett, Kevin C. Ott, Leif Brown, Clay S. Macomber, Brian L. Scott, Rico E. Del Sesto. “Large-scale synthesis of CexLa1-xF3 nanocomposite scintillator materials.” Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2011, 21, 5716-5722.
• 33) Sy Stange, Ernst I. Esch, Eric A. Burgett, Rico E. Del Sesto, Ross E. Muenchausen, Felicia L. Taw, Fredrik K. Tovesson. “A fissionable scintillator for neutron flux monitoring.” Proceedings of the SPIE, 2011, 8144, 814403/1-814403/7.
• 32) Jamie L. Manson, Saul Lapidus, Peter W. Stephens, Peter K. Peterson, Heather I. Southerland, Tom Lancaster, Stephen J. Blundell, Andrew J. Steele, John Singleton, Ross D. McDonald, Yoshimitsu Kohama, Oscar Ayala-Venezuala, Rico E. Del Sesto, Nickolaus A. Smith, Sergei A. Zvyagin, Mikail Ozerov, Vivien Zapf, Paul A. Goddard, Jinhee Kang, Changhoon Lee, Myung-Hwan Whangbo. “Structural, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of Quasi-1D Quantum Magnets [Ni(HF2)(pyz)2]X (pyz = pyrazine; X = PF6–, SbF6–) Exhibiting Ni-FHF-Ni and Ni-pyz-Ni Spin Interactions.” Inorganic Chemistry, 2011, 5990-6009.                  Front cover feature– Issue #13, July 2011.
• 31) Lindsay E. Roy,‡ Denisse Ortiz-Acosta,‡ Enrique R. Batista, Brian L. Scott, Michael W. Blair, Iain May, Richard L. Martin, Rico E. Del Sesto.  “Luminescence in CeIV Polyoxometalate [Ce(W5O18)2]8-:  A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study.” Chemical Communications, 2010, 46, 1848-1850.
• 30) Denisse Ortiz-Acosta,‡ Geraldine M. Purdy, Brian Scott, Bryan L. Bennett, Ross E. Muenchausen, Edward A. McKigney, Robert D. Gilbertson, Rico E. Del Sesto. “Ionic Liquid Polyoxometalates As Light Emitting Materials.” ECS Transactions – Molten Salts XVI, 2009, 171-180.
• 29) Rico E. Del Sesto, T. Mark McCleskey, Clay Macomber, Andrew T. Koppisch, Gary A. Baker, Anthony K. Burrell.  “Limited Thermal Stablity of Imidazolium and Pyrrolidinum Ionic Liquids.”  Thermochimica Acta, 2009, 491, 118-120.
• 28) Sy Stange,§ Ernst I. Esch, Leif Brown, Aaron J. Couture, Rico E. Del Sesto, Robert D. Gilbertson, T. Mark McCleskey, Edward A. McKigney, Ross E. Muenchausen, Renee Reifarth. “Characterization of cerium fluoride nanocomposite scintillators.” Proceedings of the Institute  of Nuclear Materials Management, 2009, 50, 1-9.
• 27) Sy Stange,§ Ernst I. Esch, Edward A. McKigney, Aaron Couture, Luiz Jacobsohn, T. Mark McCleskey, Ross E. Muenchausen, Rico E. Del Sesto, Robert D. Gilbertson, Minesh Bacrania, Leif Brown, Renee Reifarth. “Development of cerium fluoride nanocomposites for neutron capture measurements.” Proceedings of the Institute  of Nuclear Materials Management, 2008, 49, 232/1-232/8.
• 26) Rico E. Del Sesto, Gary A. Baker, Anthony K. Burrell, Joseph D. Thompson, T. Mark McCleskey.  “Magnetic Behavior of Transition Metal Based Ionic Liquids.”  Chemical Commununications, 2008, 447-449.

Los Alamos National Laboratory (as Postdoctoral Fellow):

• 25) E. A. McKigney, R.E. Muenchausen, D. W. Cooke, Rico E. Del Sesto, R. D. Gilbertson, M. K. Bacrania, B. L. Bennett, L. G. Jacobsohn, T. M. McCleskey, K. C. Ott, S. C. Sitarz, J. F. Smith, and S. Stange.  “LaF3:Ce nanocomposite scintillator for gamma-ray detection.” Proceedings of the SPIE, 2007, 6706, 67061A1-67061A11.
• 24)  Edward A. McKigney Rico E. Del Sesto, Luiz G. Jacobsohn, Peter A. Santi, Ross E. Muenchausen, Kevin C. Ott, T. Mark McCleskey, Bryan L. Bennett, James F. Smith, D. Wayne Cooke. “Composite scintillators for radiation detection and nuclear spectroscopy.” Nuclear Instruments and Methods – Physics Research A, 2007, 579, 15-18.
• 23)  Anthony K. Burrell, Rico E. Del Sesto, Sheila N. Baker, T. Mark McCleskey, Gary A. Baker.  “The Larger Scale Synthesis of Pure Ionic Liquids.” Green Chemistry, 2007, 9, 449-454.
  Front cover feature article – Issue #5, May 2007.
• 22) Rico E. Del Sesto, Gary A. Baker, Sheila N. Baker, Brian L. Scott, Timothy S. Keizer, Anthony K. Burrell, T. Mark McCleskey, “Formation of an Unusual Charge Transfer Complex in an Ionic Liquid.” Chemical Communications, 2006, 272-274.

U. S. Air Force Academy (as Postdoctoral Fellow):

• 21)  Rico E. Del Sesto, Cynthia A. Corley, Douglas S. Dudis, A. Todd Yeates, John S. Wilkes. “Fulleride-Based Ionic Liquids,” in ECS Transactions – Molten Salts XV, 2007, 3, 33-39.
• 20) Norman E. Heimer, Rico E. Del Sesto, Zhizhong Meng, John S. Wilkes and W. Robert Carper. “Vibrational Spectra of Imidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquids.” Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2006, 124, 84-95.
• 19) Cynthia A. Corley, Rico E. Del Sesto, John S. Wilkes. “Preparation and Properties of High Mass Tetraalkylphosphonium Ionic Liquids,” in ECS Transactions – Molten Salts XIV, 2006, 2004-24, 326-339.
• 18) Rico E. Del Sesto, Cynthia Corley, Al Robertson, John S. Wilkes. “Tetraalkyl-phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquids.” Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 2005, 690, 2536-2542.
  ‘top 25’ most cited in J. Organomet. Chem. for 2005-2009
• 17) Rico E. Del Sesto, Douglas S. Dudis, Fassil Ghebremichael, Norman E. Heimer, Tammy K. C. Low, John S. Wilkes, A. Todd Yeates. “Nonlinear Optical Ionic Liquids,” in Ionic Liquids IIIB: Fundamental, Challenges, and Opportunities: Transformations, Processes (ACS Symposium Series), R. Rogers and K. Seddon, Editors. 2005, 902, 144-158.
• 16) Norman E. Heimer, Rico E. Del Sesto, W. Robert Carper. “Evidence for Spin Diffusion in a H,H-NOESY Study of Imidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquids.” Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 2004, 42, 71-75.
• 15) Rico E. Del Sesto, Douglas S. Dudis, Fassil Ghebremichael, Norman E. Heimer, Tammy K. C. Low, John S. Wilkes, A. Todd Yeates. “Modeling, Synthesis and Characterization of Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Salts,” in Proceedings of the SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering. 2003, 5212, 292-298.

University of Utah (as graduate student):

• 14) Rico E. Del Sesto, A. M. Arif, J. J. Novoa, I. Anusiewicz, B. C. Dunn, E. M. Eyring, J. S. Miller. “Chemical Reduction of 2,4,6-Tricyano-1,3,5-Triazine and 1,3,5-Tricyanobenzene Formation of the Novel 4,4’,6,6’-Tetracyano-2,2’-Bitriazine and its Radical Anion.” Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2003, 68, 3367-3379.
  Front cover feature article – Issue #9, May 2, 2003.
• 13) Alexander Zakrassov, Vitaly Shteiman, Yana Sheynin, Mark Botoshansky, Moshe Kapon, Rico E. Del Sesto, Joel S. Miller. “Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of Nitronyl Nitroxide Radicals.” Helvetica Chimica Acta, 2003, 86, 1234-1246.
• 12) Rico E. Del Sesto, Joel S. Miller, Pilar Lafuente, Juan J. Novoa. “Exceptionally Long (>2.9 Å) CC Bonds in pi-[TCNE2]2- Dimers: A 2 Electron – 4 Center Cation-mediated CC Bond Involving pi* Electrons.” Chemistry – A European Journal, 2002, 8, 4894-4908.
  Front cover feature article – Issue #21, November 4, 2002.
• 11)  J. J. Novoa, Rico E. Del Sesto, J. S. Miller. “On the existence of C-C bonds between Pairs of Anions which Repel: When and Why? A Test Case on the [TCNE]22- -dimers found in Ionic Crystals.” Crystal Engineering Communications, 2002, 4, 373-377.
• 10) Rico E. Del Sesto, M. Kaftory, A. M. Arif, J. S. Miller. “Charge Transfer Complexes of 2,4,6-Tricyano-s-Triazine with Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD).” Crystal Engineering Communications, 2002, 4, 117-120.
• 9) Rico E. Del Sesto, M. Botoshansky, M. Kaftory, J. S. Miller. “Isolation of Two Salts From the Reduction of TCNE with [(C3H7)4N]I – A Further Example of Long >2.8Å C-C Bonding in pi-[TCNE]22-.” Crystal Engineering Communications, 2002, 4, 106-108.
• 8)  D. Moon, M. S. Lah, Rico E. Del Sesto, J. S. Miller. “The Effect of the Ligand Charge on the Coordination Geometry of a Fe(III) Ion: Five- and Six-Coordinate Fe(III) Complexes of Tris(2-Benzimidazoylmethyl)Amine.” Inorganic Chemistry, 2002, 41, 4708-4714.
• 7)  J. C. Noveron, M. S. Lah, Rico E. Del Sesto, A. M. Arif, J. S. Miller, P. J. Stang. “Engineering the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Crystalline Solids via the Metal-Directed Self-Assembly of a Versatile Molecular Building Unit.” Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2002, 124, 6613-6625.
• 6)  Rico E. Del Sesto, R. D. Sommer, J. S. Miller. “[Et4N]2[TCNE]2 – An Example of an Exceptionally Long 2.827Å CC Bonds.” Crystal Engineering Communications, 2001, 3, 222-224.
• 5)  Rico E. Del Sesto, A. M. Arif, J. S. Miller. “Formation of Dimeric Dianions from the Reduction of 2,4,6-Tricyano-1,3,5-triazine and 1,3,5-Tricyanobenzene.” Chemical Communications, 2001, 2730-2731.
• 4)  Rico E. Del Sesto, L. Deakin, J. S. Miller. “Copper (II) Carboxylate Dimers and Chains.” Synthetic Metals, 2001, 122, 543-546.
• 3)  J. J. Novoa, P. Lafuente, Rico E. Del Sesto, J. S. Miller. “Exceptionally Long (>2.9 Å) CC Bonds Between [TCNE]- anions. 2-Electron-4-Center pi -CC Bonding in pi-[TCNE]22-.” Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, 2001, 40, 2540-2545.
  Press releases also in Science News, 2001 (July); 160, 79; New Scientist, 2001 (July, Issue 2298), 27; and Chemical and Engineering News, 2001, 79(28), 41.
• 2)  Rico E. Del Sesto, A. Arif, J. S. Miller. “Copper(II) Benzoate Nitroxide Dimers and Chains – Structure and Magnetic Studies.” Inorganic Chemistry, 2000, 39, 4894-4902.
• 1)  J. Zhang, L. M. Liable-Sands, A.L. Rheingold, Rico E. Del Sesto, D. C. Gordon, B. M. Burkhart, J. S. Miller. “Isolation and structural determination of octacyano-butanediide, [C4(CN)8]2-; precursors to M(TCNE)xmagnets.” Chemical Communications, 1998, 1385-1386.